Shanghai

Established in the XIth century, Shanghai remains fishermen's simple village until XVIIIth century.
In 1842, as a result of the treaty of Nanjing, the city enters an era of prosperity and opening on the foreign trade; this treaty ends the Ogaden Wars which bring into conflict China in England and transform a big part of the city into British concessions.
Extraterritorial rights as well as other privileges are besides tuned in France and in the United States, so favoring the establishment of numerous banks and companies of international trade on these foreign concessions, which benefit from their own administration.
The obtaining by the British of the right to navigate the Yangtze, in 1857, marks the debuts of a prosperous business; Shanghai becomes the most active port of China ( 1860 ), insuring the quarter of the maritime business of the country, and the foreign capital stream to support the local industry, attracted by a plentiful and little expensive workforce.
Nevertheless, an increasing resistance in the foreign domination shows itself during the first national congress of the Chinese communist Party, held in Shanghai, in 1921. The nationalist army, managed by Jiang Jieshi, seizes Shanghai in 1927 and places the region under the control of the government of Guomindang, which soon rejects the communists of the city.
Occupied by the Japanese between 1937 and 1945, Shanghai is restored in China at the end of the Second World War after the relinquishment), by the United States, Great Britain and France of their concessions. It is then occupied by the communist strengths, in 1949, and numerous factories are transferred inside lands, movement participating in an attempt of decentralization.
A change of policy inverts the process at the end of 1950s and Shanghai finds its industrial dynamism and its prosperity. The city participates actively in the Cultural revolution and the army takes a role growing in the political and economic affairs of the municipality.
The civil government of Shanghai is restored in 1979. The series of economic reforms developed by Deng Xiaoping at the beginning of 1980s pulls a fast and sudden increase of the industrial production and the foreign investments, in particular after 1990 when the central government gives to the local administration the full powers to promote the development of the city and make so counterweight in Hong-Kong.
Several big works of civil engineering (construction of the
District of Pudong, Shanghai Quartier of Pudong, Shanghai. Inserted of a highway in six ways, new bridges, a subway and living districts) are undertaken in this objective at the beginning of 1990s, to stimulate the economic expansion of the city.

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